The Essential Guide to Decision Making

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• Before weighing any options, size the decision by its stakes and how hard it is to undo, and spend your effort where both are high.
• Judge a decision by the information, options and reasoning you had at the time, never by the result alone, because luck writes part of every outcome.
• When a choice arrives as yes or no, rewrite it as a question about the goal underneath and find at least three real options.
• Start every forecast from how similar cases usually turn out, give it as a range, and refuse bets that could ruin you however good the average.
• Protect big decisions with process rather than willpower: write your own estimate before hearing others, ask someone to argue the other side, and run a pre-mortem.

In deze bit

1. Sizing a decision before you make it

   Most bad decision habits start with a mismatch: agonising for a week over a choice you could easily reverse, then signing a sticky one in an afternoon. So the first big idea is triage.

2. Separating decision quality from luck

   Every outcome is a blend of two things: how well the decision was made and the luck that followed. You control only the first.

3. Framing the question behind the question

   The way a choice is worded decides which answers you can see. Yes-or-no framings are the usual trap: should I take this job, should we buy this flat, should I drop this client.

4. Thinking in odds, ranges and base rates

   Every decision is a bet on the future, so the quality of your estimates matters. Three habits improve them.

5. Designing around bias, alone and in groups

   Knowing the names of biases does surprisingly little, because people spot them in others and miss them in themselves. What works is building the correction into the process.

6. Values, stopping rules and what to ignore

   The last idea ties the map together. Criteria come from values, meaning what you are trying to protect or build.